托福听力高频词汇之动物话题

animal rights （复）动物权利 ，动物权益
animal rights groups 动物权益组织
animal rights laws 动物权利法
However, many animal rights activists are not happy with animals being forced to live in unnatural conditions.
然而 ，很多动物权利保护者对动物被迫生活在非自然的环境中表示不满。

animal welfare 动物福利
Although some regulations and principles have been welcomed as a step forwards by some animal welfare groups, they have also been criticised as both outdated by current research, and of little practical effect in improving animal welfare.

尽管有些法规受到动物福利组织的欢迎，认为在保护动物方面向前迈进了一步 ，但仍然遭到质疑 ，因为当前的一些动物试验已经过时 ，对于提高动 物福利也没有什么实质意义。

animal abuse 虐待动物
abuse of animals 虐待动物
Animal rights advocates in other countries believe strict regulations are required to reduce animal abuse.
国外提倡动物权利者认为应制定一套严格的规范 ，以减少虐待动物的行为。

animal experimentation 动物试验
animal testing 动物试验
They believe that if animal experimentation is stopped, then it will be at the expense of life and the human health .
他们认为如果禁止进行动物试验，那么将付出的代价是人类的健康和生命。

humane  a. 仁慈的 ，人道的 ，高尚的
inhumane a. 不人道的
It is believed that these regulations will ensure that animal research is carried out in as humane and as ethical manner as possible. However, these regulations are also under a lot of argumentation.
人们认为一些法规应该确保动物试验尽可能是人道的并符合道德规范 ，然而这些规定确实存在很大的争议。

test on 在......做试验
experiment or 对......进行试验试用
test on the animals 对动物做试验
Across the world, new products ranging from cancer drugs to soaps and shampoos are tested on the animals.
世界上的新产品 ，从抗癌药品到肥皂及洗发水 ，都是先在动物身上做试验。

ethical  a. 伦理的 ，道德的
in ethical manner  以道德的方式

There are also objections on an ethical basis, contending that the benefits to humans do not justify the harm to animals.

也有从伦理道德角度上持反对意见的 ，他们认 为对人类的益处不能合理解释对动物进行的伤害。

on moral grounds 基于道义，从道德上说
Some animal rights activists argue that we should ban animal experiments  completely because subjecting animals to experimentation is unjustifiable on moral grounds.
一些动物权利保护者认为应该全面禁止动物试验 ，因为对动物进行试验从道义上说是不合理的 。

ecological equilibrium 生态平衡
ecological balance 生态平衡
natural balance 自然平衡
equilibrium of ecosystem 生态平衡
We should treat animals with a humane attitude because they are important in preserving nature’s ecological equilibrium.
我们应该从人道的角度来对待动物 ，因为动 物在维持自然平衡上起着重要的作用。

alternative method 替代的方法
Computer simulation may be the alternative method of the animal testing. 电脑模拟可能会成为动物试验的替代方法。

barbaric  a. 野蛮的
barbarian a 野蛮的 ，未开化的
It is unethical and barbaric to abuse animals.
虐待动物是不道德的和野蛮的行为。

outlaw  vt. 禁止，取缔；使不合法

People who feel a connection with animals are more likely to support programmes to protect natural habitats and outlaw hunting.

人们如果和动物有感情 ，就更可能 会支持那些保护天然栖息地和禁猎的计划。

Brainwash  vt.对人洗脑 ，以宣传说服; n.洗脑
brainwash into 把思想强行灌输给，强迫......相信
The general belief in the goodness of animal testing is basically the result of brainwashing that the general public has been subjected to for a long time.

认为动物试验能带来益处的想法是大众长期被洗脑的结果。

captivity  n. 囚禁，关押 ，监禁
capture vt. 俘获 ，夺得
in captivity 圈养 ，关闭

The different reasons behind keeping animals in captivity may be education,research, recreation and conservation.

将动物关起来的考虑可能是出于教育 、研究 、娱乐以及对其进行保护。

poach vt.＆vi. 偷猎，侵犯
poacher  n. 偷猎者 poaching  n. 非法狞猎
poach for 偷猎
With an increase in poaching of wild species for skins, ivory and supposed  medicinal purposes , zoos seem to be a safe haven for them.
为了获取野生物种的毛皮、象牙及药用目的，非法打猎日益增多，动物园就好像是他们的安全港湾。

breach  n. 违背 ，违反 ；vt.违反
breach a contract 违约

Animals have natural rights and capturing them for any reason whatsoever is the breach of the same.

动物有自然（生存）的权利 ，无论以任何原因猎捕动物 都是对其权利的侵犯。

endangered  α. 有生命危险的，濒临灭绝的
endanger  vt. 危及，使遭到危险
endangerment n. 危害
endangered  animal  species 濒危动物物种
endangered breed 濒危品种
endangered species 濒临绝种的动植物
endangered wildlife 濒危野生动物
The government passed new laws to protect the endangered animals from hunters. 政府通过了新法令的保护濒危物种免于猎杀。

applied research 应用研究

It includes biology, behavioural studies, as well as applied research such as biomedical research, xenotransplantation , drug testing and toxicology tests and cosmetics testing.

动物试验包括生物学、行为学研究的纯科学 ，也包括像生物医药研究 、异种器官移植 、药品试验、毒物学及化妆品试验等的应用科学。

vaccine  n. 疫苗

Testing on animals has helped develop vaccines for many life threatening diseases.

动物试验有助于研发对生命产生威胁的疫苗。

breeding vt.&n. 繁殖
breeding ground 滋生地，繁殖地
captive breeding 人工繁殖
Animals are also used for education, breeding，and defense research .
动物也可以用在教学中、动物繁殖及防御（疾病）研究中。

model  vt.模拟，塑造，模仿

National Academy of Sciences argue that even sophisticated computers are unable to model interactions be¬ tween molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organisms, and the environment, making animal research necessary in many areas.

国家科学院认为即使使用精密的计算机 也无法模拟出分子 、细胞 、组织 、器官 、有机体及环境 间的相互作用，动物试验在很多领域都是有必要的。

vivisection  n. 活体解剖
vivisectionist n. 活体解剖者
antivivisectionist n. 反对活体解剖者
Animal physiology could be affected by pain during vivisection , rendering results unreliable.
在动物实验过程中 ，动物承受着巨大的痛苦，使其生理机能受到严重的影响，致使实验结果不可信。

frown on/upon 反对，不赞成
be oppose to 反对 disapprove of 反对 ，不赞成

Although animal experimentation sounds appealing to some extent, I still strongly frown on this proposal.

尽管动物实验听起来具有一定的吸引力，但是我仍然强烈反对。

on the brink of extinction 将要，濒于，将陷于（如佳，死亡或其他）
on the brim of extinction 濒于灭绝

Conservation efforts have already brought many animals back on the brink of extinction, but still, our work is far from done.

保护工作已经挽救了很多即将灭绝的物种，但我们还有很多工作需要做。

encroachment  n. 侵入 ，侵犯
encroach vi. 侵占 ，蚕食 ；vt. 侵犯
encroaching a. 渐渐渗入的
Encroachment near the sea destroyed their breeding sites.
（海边上建起的宾馆和度假村）侵占了它们的繁殖地。

wildlife conservation 野生生物保护

It is good that there is more awareness about wildlife conservation these days and people have now realized that it is important to maintain the planet’s biodiversity.

目前人们已经提高了野生动物保护的意识，并且认识到维护地球的生物多样性是重要的。

die out 灭绝；消失

It is reported that there are about 5,000 endangered animals and at least one species dies out every year.

据报道世界大约有5000种的濒危动物，每年至少有一种动物灭绝。

mutilation  n. 毁损，残缺；切断
mutilate vt. 切断 ，毁坏

It is totally unconscionable to subject defenseless animals to mutilation and death.

使毫无抵抗能力的动物遭受残缺断肢之痛甚至是死亡，这种做法真是丧尽天良。

compassion  n. 同情，怜悯
compassionate a. 富于同情心的，慈悲的；vt.同情

Compassion for animals is intimately connected with goodness of character and it may be confidently asserted that he who is cruel to animals cannot be a good man.

对动物是否怀有悲悯之情是与人善良与否密切相关的，也可以确切地说对动物残忍的人不可能是好人。

通途国际英语 · 托福(TOEFL)备考专栏为您推荐：

本文由沈阳托福培训通途国际英语原创，转载请保留链接: http://www.tingtoo.org/TOEFL/tingli/349.html